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Original Article
Apoptosis and upregulation of TNF-α and TRAIL receptor 1 (DR4) in the pathogenesis of food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome
Jin-Bok Hwang, Sang Pyo Kim, Yu Na Kang, Seong-Ryong Lee, Seong-Il Suh, Taeg Kyu Kwon
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(4):525-531.   Published online April 15, 2010
Purpose : Expression levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α expression on the mucosa of the small intestine is increased in patients with villous atrophy in food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES). TNF-α has been reported to induce apoptotic cell death in the epithelial cells. We studied the TNF family and TNF-receptor family apoptosis on the duodenal mucosa to investigate their roles in the pathogenesis...
NT-proBNP as a useful tool in diagnosing incomplete Kawasaki disease
Dong Won Lee, Yeo Hyang Kim, Myung Chul Hyun, Tae Chan Kwon, Sang Bum Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(4):519-524.   Published online April 15, 2010
Purpose : To determine the efficacy of the N-terminal fragment of B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) as a useful diagnostic method in children with incomplete Kawasaki disease (KD). Methods : Ninety-six patients who were diagnosed as having KD between January 2008 and June 2009 were enrolled in the study. American Heart Association recommendations for diagnosis were used, and patients were divided into...
Clinical significance of matrix metalloproteinase 9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 and 2 in Kawasaki disease
Ki Wook Yun, Sin Weon Sin, Jung Ju Lee, Soo Ahn Chae, In Seok Lim, Eung Sang Choi, Byoung Hoon Yoo, Mi-Kyung Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(4):510-518.   Published online April 15, 2010
Purpose : Kawasaki disease (KD) is a systemic vasculitis, a leading cause of pediatric acquired heart disease. Histopathological findings of coronary artery lesion (CAL) in KD indicate destruction of the coronary artery wall with diffuse vasculitis. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their endogenous tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) might play central roles in this process. Special attention to MMP-9 has recently been emerging....
The risk factors and prognosis associated with neonatal pulmonary hemorrhage
Su Jin Park, Ki Tae Yun, Won Duck Kim, Sang Geel Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(4):503-509.   Published online April 15, 2010
Purpose : Although neonatal pulmonary hemorrhage is rare, it is associated with high mortality. We aimed to evaluate the risk factors associated with pulmonary hemorrhage in preterm infants and to describe the clinical course, including neonatal morbidity, of infants who developed pulmonary hemorrhage. Methods : We performed a retrospective case-control study of 117 newborn infants aged less than 37 gestational weeks admitted...
Analysis of neonatal sepsis in one neonatal intensive care unit for 6 years
Peter Chun, Seom Gim Kong, Shin Yun Byun, Su Eun Park, Hyung Du Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(4):495-502.   Published online April 15, 2010
Purpose : Sepsis is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the newborn, particularly in preterm. The objective of this study was to analyze the incidence rate, causative pathogens and clinical features of neonatal sepsis in one neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) for 6 years. Methods : This study was retrospectively performed to review the clinical and laboratory characteristics including sex, gestational age,...
A report on operating a nationwide human milk bank in Korea
Kang Hoon Song, Yoo Min Lee, Ji Young Chang, Eun Young Park, Sung Ae Park, Nam Kyu Cho, Chong-Woo Bae
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(4):488-494.   Published online April 15, 2010
Purpose : A human milk bank collects, processes, eliminates, and stores breast milk from donors and provides breast milk to those in need. The authors hereby present the experiences and the objective lessons obtained through operating a nationwide human milk bank over a period of 2 years. Methods : The characteristics of the donors and the recipients and the amounts of breast milk...
The effects of early allergen/endotoxin exposure on subsequent allergic airway inflammation to allergen in mouse model of asthma
Yeong-Ho Rha, Sun-Hee Choi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(4):481-487.   Published online April 15, 2010
Purpose : Recently many studies show early exposure during childhood growth to endotoxin (lipopolysaccharides, LPS) and/or early exposure to allergens exhibit important role in development of allergy including bronchial asthma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of endotoxin and allergen exposure in early life via the airways in the pathogenesis of allergic airways inflammation and airway hyperresposiveness...
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura with decreased level of ADAMTS-13 activity and increased level of ADAMTS-13 inhibitor in an adolescent
Eun Mi Yang, Dong Kyun Han, Hee Jo Baek, Young Ok Kim, Myung Geun Shin, Hoon Kook, Tai Ju Hwang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(3):428-431.   Published online March 15, 2010
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a thrombotic microangiopathy characterized by endothelial cell damage, resulting in microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and various degrees of neurological and renal impairment caused by microvascular thrombi. It is rare in children and frequently follows a fatal course. TTP is divided into 2 types: one is inherited and associated with ADAMTS-13 gene mutations and the other...
Endocrine dysfunction after bone marrow transplantation during childhood and adolescence
Hye Young Jin, Jin-Ho Choi, Ho-Joon Im, Jong-Jin Seo, Hyung-Nam Moon, Han-Wook Yoo
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(3):420-427.   Published online March 15, 2010
Purpose : Several complications can occur in patients who received bone marrow transplantation (BMT) during childhood and adolescence. This study aims to investigate endocrine dysfunctions after BMT so that better care can be provided to care for long-term survivors of BMT. Methods : One hundred patients (61 males, 39 females) were included in this study. Clinical parameters such as initial diagnosis,...
Comparison of clinical and laboratory characteristics in children with type 1 diabetes according to pancreatic autoantibodies
Ji Hae Choi, Min Sun Kim, Chan Jong Kim, Jong Duk Kim, Dae-Yeol Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(3):414-419.   Published online March 15, 2010

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is any difference in the clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with autoantibody-positive and patients with autoantibody-negative type 1 diabetes at initial presentation. Methods:We analyzed 96 patients under 18 years of age with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. One or both of the pancreatic autoantibodies-glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies (GADA) and...
Limitations of 99mTc-DMSA scan in diagnosing acute pyelonephritis in children
Byung Gee Kim, Jae Ryoung Kwak, Ji Min Park, Ki Soo Pai
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(3):408-413.   Published online March 15, 2010
Purpose : We aimed to prove the relative limitation of 99mTc-DMSA scintigraphy (DMSA) compared to computed tomography (CT) in diagnosing acute pyelonephritis (APN) in children. Methods : Since September 2006, after a 64-channel CT was imported, 10 DMSA false-negative patients have been identified: these patients underwent a CT scan for acute abdomen or acute febrile symptoms and were diagnosed as...
Direct detection of hemophilia B F9 gene mutation using multiplex PCR and conformation sensitive gel electrophoresis
Ki Young Yoo, Hee Jin Kim, Kwang Chul Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(3):397-407.   Published online March 15, 2010
Purpose : The F9 gene is known to be the causative gene for hemophilia B, but unfortunately the detection rate for restriction fragment length polymorphism-based linkage analysis is only 55.6%. Direct DNA sequencing can detect 98% of mutations, but this alternative procedure is very costly. Here, we conducted multiplex polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) and conformation sensitive gel electrophoresis (CSGE) to...
Relationship between iron deficiency anemia and febrile convulsion in infants
Youn Soo Jun, Ho Il Bang, Seung Taek Yu, Sae Ron Shin, Du Young Choi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(3):392-396.   Published online March 15, 2010
Purpose : The association between iron deficiency anemia and febrile convulsion in infants has been examined in several studies with conflicting results. Therefore, the authors aimed to evaluate the precise relationship involved. Methods : In this case-control study, the authors assessed 100 children with a diagnosis of febrile convulsion, aged between 9 months and 2 years, during January 2007 to...
Respiratory syncytial virus infection cases in congenital heart disease patients
Woo Sup Shim, Jae Yeong Lee, Jin Yong Song, Soo Jin Kim, Sung Hye Kim, So Ick Jang, Eun Yong Choi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(3):380-391.   Published online March 15, 2010
Purpose : Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the main pathogens causing lower respiratory infections (LRI) in young children, usually of limited severity. However, in congenital heart disease (CHD) patients, one of the high-risk groups for RSV infection, RSV can cause serious illnesses and fatal results. To elucidate the effects of RSV infection in CHD patients, we observed RSV...
Clinical characteristics of acute lower respiratory tract infections due to 13 respiratory viruses detected by multiplex PCR in children
Jeong-Sook Lim, Sung-Il Woo, Hyuk-Il Kwon, Hyuk-Il Kwon, Young-Ki Choi, Youn-Soo Hahn
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(3):373-379.   Published online March 15, 2010
Purpose : This study was performed to investigate the epidemiologic and clinical features of 13 respiratory viruses in children with acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRIs). Methods : Nasopharyngeal aspirates were prospectively obtained from 325 children aged 15 years or less from May 2008 to April 2009 and were tested for the presence of 13 respiratory viruses by multiplex real-time-polymerase chain...
Caregivers’adherence factors affecting maintenance treatment in children with well-controlled asthma : A qualitative analysis through in-depth interview
Ic Sun Choi, Saeng Koo Cho, Kyong Suk La, Jung Hye Byeon, Dae Jin Song, Young Yoo, Ji Tae Choung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(3):364-372.   Published online March 15, 2010
Purpose : Good adherence of caregivers is essential for successful health outcomes in the treatment of childhood asthma. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors contributing to good adherence of maintenance treatment in children with well-controlled asthma. Methods : Children with well-controlled asthma being treated with a daily controller for at least 3 months in Korea University...
Effect of SynagisⓇ (palivizumab) prophylaxis on readmission due to respiratory syncytial virus in very low birth weight infants
Soo Kyoung Park, Yu Jin Jung, Hye Soo Yoo, So Yoon Ahn, Hyun Joo Seo, Seo Heui Choi, Myo Jing Kim, Ga Won Jeon, Soo Hyun Koo, Kyung-Hoon Lee, Yun Sil Chang, Won Soon Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(3):358-363.   Published online March 15, 2010
Purpose : The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of SynagisⓇ (palivizumab) in reducing the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) readmission rate in very low birth weight infants (VLBWI ) and the subgroup that showed the most effective vaccination. Methods : We enrolled 350 VLBWI who had been discharged alive from the neonatal intensive care unit of Samsung Medical...
Predictable risk factors and clinical courses for prolonged transient tachypnea of the newborn
Ji Young Chang, Chang Ryul Kim, Ellen A Kim, Ki Soo Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(3):349-357.   Published online March 15, 2010
Purpose : Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) is usually benign and improves within 72 hours. However, it can also progress to prolonged tachypnea over 72 hours, profound hypoxemia, respiratory failure, and even death. The aim of this study is to find predictable risk factors and describe the clinical courses and outcomes of prolonged TTN (PTTN). Methods : The medical records...
Body composition by bioelectrical impedance analysis in children below 7 years old
Jiyoung Jung, Han Wool Kim, Tae Hyun Kim, Young Mi Hong
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(3):341-348.   Published online March 15, 2010
Purpose : Body composition is important to define and manage obesity and undernutrition. Obesity is a significant health problem with medical and psychological consequences for children and adolescents. Body composition analysis (BIA) is a simple, rapid, noninvasive, and reproducible technique. However, comparative analysis of body composition has not been done in young children below 7 years old. The aim of...
Effects of a 12-week, school-based obesity management program on obese primary school children
Han Gyu Kim, Goh-woon Lim, Hae Soon Kim, Young Mi Hong,
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(3):335-340.   Published online March 15, 2010

Purpose:This study was designed to determine the effects of a school-based obesity-management program on obese primary school children. Methods:A total of 995 children (6–12 years old) in a primary school were screened in March 2008, and of those, 101 obese students (44 boys and 57 girls, body mass index (BMI) ≥95 percentile) were enrolled for a study group. The school-...
Spectrum of patients with hypermethioninemia based on neonatal screening tests over 14 years
Se Jung Oh, Yong Hee Hong, Yong Wha Lee, Dong Hwan Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(3):329-334.   Published online March 15, 2010
Purpose : The neonatal screening test for homocystinuria primarily measures methionine by using a dried blood specimen. We investigated the incidence and clinical manifestations of homocystinuria, isolated hypermethioninemia, and transient hypermethioninemia among patients with hypermethioninemia on a neonatal screening test. Methods : We performed a retrospective study of 58 patients transferred to Shoonchunhyang Hospital because of hypermethioninemia on a neonatal...
Effect of hyperglycemia on mortality rates in critically ill children
Seongkuk Kim, Bo Eun Kim, Eun Ju Ha, Mi Young Moon, Seong Jong Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(3):323-328.   Published online March 15, 2010
Purpose : To verify the effect of hyperglycemia on mortality rates in critically ill children and to identify the blood glucose level that influences prognosis. Methods : From July 2006 to June 2008, a total of 206 patients who were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) at Asan Medical Center and who survived for more than 7 days...
Clinical analysis of pediatric patients who visited Masan Samsung Emergency Center
Jae Wook Yoo, Jun Hwa Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(3):314-322.   Published online March 15, 2010
Purpose : Through a clinical and retrospective analysis of pediatric patients who visited the Regional Emergency Medical Center of Masan Samsung Hospital from January 2007 to December 2008, we characterized pediatric and adolescent emergency patients to improve emergency care in future. Methods : We reviewed the medical records of 14,065 pediatric patients below 19 years of age. Results : The...
One-year evaluation of the national health screening program for infants and children in Korea
Jin Soo Moon, Soon Young Lee, Baik-Lin Eun, Young Key Kim, Young Key Kim, Son Moon Shin, Hea Kyoung Lee, Hee Jung Chung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(3):307-313.   Published online March 15, 2010

Purpose:Results of the Korea National Health Screening Program for Infants and Children, which was launched in November 2007, were evaluated for future research and policy development. Methods:Data from a total of 2,729,340 cases were analyzed. Five visiting ages, such as 4, 9, 18, 30, and 60 months, were included. Several parameters such as stunting, obesity, and positive rate of developmental...
The current child and adolescent health screening system: an assessment and proposal for an early and periodic check-up program
Baik-Lin Eun, Jin Soo Moon, So-Hee Eun, Hea Kyoung Lee, Son Moon Shin, In Kyung Sung, Hee Jung Chung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(3):300-306.   Published online March 15, 2010
Purpose : Recent changes in the population structure of Korea, such as rapid decline in birth rate and exponential increase in old-aged people, prompted us to prepare a new health improvement program in children and adolescents. Methods : We reviewed current health screenings applied for children and adolescents in Korea and other developed countries. We collected and reviewed population-based data...
The characteristic laboratory findings of non-responsiveness to intravenous immunoglobulin in children with Kawasaki disease
Han Gil Cho, Young Kuk Cho, Jae Sook Ma
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(2):228-234.   Published online February 15, 2010
Purpose : Although intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment is an effective first-line treatment for Kawasaki disease, 10-20% of the patients develop persistent fever or coronary artery complications. Medical records of Kawasaki disease patients were reviewed to assess the characteristic laboratory findings of IVIG nonresponsiveness. Methods : We reviewed the clinical records of 118 children with Kawasaki disease who were treated at...
The relationships between clinical variables and renal parenchymal disease in pediatric clinically suspected urinary tract infection
Jung Lim Byun, Sang Taek Lee, Sochung Chung, Kyo Sun Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(2):222-227.   Published online February 15, 2010
Purpose : To evaluate the significance of clinical signs and laboratory findings as predictors of renal parenchymal lesions and vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in childhood urinary tract infection (UTI). Methods : From July 2005 to July 2008, 180 patients admitted with a first febrile UTI at the Pediatric Department of Konkuk University Hospital were included in this study. The following were...
Association between polymorphisms in Interleukin-17 receptor A gene and childhood IgA nephropathy
Seung-Ah Baek, Won-Ho Hahn, Byoung-Soo Cho, Sung-Do Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(2):215-221.   Published online February 15, 2010
Purpose : Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is produced by activated CD4+T cells and exhibits pleiotropic biological activity on various cell types. IL-17 was reported to be involved in the immunoregulatory response in IgA nephropathy (IgAN). Our aim was to investigate the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IL-17 receptor A (IL-17RA) gene and childhood IgAN. Methods : We analyzed the SNPs in the...
Ototoxicity in children receiving cisplatin chemotherapy
Hee Jin Jang, Hyung Rae Cho, Jae Hee Lee, Kun Yuk Bae, Jong Jin Seo, Hyung Nam Moon, Ho Joon Im
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(2):210-214.   Published online February 15, 2010
Purpose : Cisplatin is highly effective for the treatment of solid tumors in children. However, the clinical use of cisplatin is limited by its ototoxicity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ototoxicity in children treated with cisplatin. Methods : We performed a single institution retrospective analysis of pediatric oncology patients who received cisplatin therapy between January 2001 and...
Final height of patients with congenital heart disease
Soon Ju Lee, Young Kuk Cho, Jae Sook Ma
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(2):203-209.   Published online February 15, 2010
Purpose : Growth impairment is usually observed in children with congenital heart disease (CHD). Studies on the final height and weight of this population are insufficient. Our aim was to evaluate the final height of children with CHD and to identify the relationship between CHD and growth. Methods : We recorded the values of final height and weights of 105 CHD...
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